Armenia

Armenia /ɑrˈmiːniə/ (help·info) (Armenian: Հայաստան, transliterated: Hayastan, IPA: [hɑjɑsˈtɑn]), officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, [hɑjɑsˈtɑni hɑnɾɑpɛtuˈtʰjun]), is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Situated at the juncture of Western Asia and Eastern Europe,[6] it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.
A former republic of the Soviet Union, Armenia is a unitary, multiparty, democratic nation-state with an ancient and historic cultural heritage. The Kingdom of Armenia was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion[7] in the early years of the 4th century (the traditional date is 301).[8] The modern Republic of Armenia recognizes the exclusive historical mission of the Armenian Apostolic Church as a national church, although the modern Republic of Armenia has separation of church and state.[9]
Armenia is a member of more than 40 international organisations, including the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the Asian Development Bank, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the World Trade Organization, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, and La Francophonie. It is a member of the CSTO military alliance, and also participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PfP) programme. In 2004 its forces joined KFOR, a NATO-led international force in Kosovo. It is also an observer member of the Eurasian Economic Community and the Non-Aligned Movement. The country is an emerging democracy. Armenia is classified as a country with medium human development and 10.6% of the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.

Capital(and largest city)
Yerevan40°11′N 44°31′E / 40.183°N 44.517°E / 40.183; 44.517
Official languages
Armenian[1]
Ethnic groups
97.9% Armenian, 1.3% Yazidi, 0.5% Russian, 0.3% Other
Demonym
Armenian
Government
Presidential republic[2]
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President
Serzh Sargsyan
-
Prime Minister
Tigran Sargsyan
-
Speaker
Hovik Abrahamyan
Formation and independence
-
Urartu
840s BC
-
Orontid Dynasty
560 BC
-
Kingdom of Armeniaformed
190 BC
-
Democratic Republic of Armenia established
May 28, 1918
-
Independencefrom the Soviet Union
DeclaredRecognisedFinalised
August 23, 1990September 21, 1991December 25, 1991
Area
-
Total
29,800 km2 (142nd)11,506 sq mi
-
Water (%)
4.71
Population
-
July 2008 estimate
3,231,900[3] (133rd)
-
2001 census
3,002,594[4]
-
Density
101/km2 (103rd)262/sq mi
GDP (PPP)
2008 estimate
-
Total
$18.715 billion[5]
-
Per capita
$5,272[5]
GDP (nominal)
2008 estimate
-
Total
$11.928 billion[5]
-
Per capita
$3,360[5]
Gini (2003)
33.8 (medium)
HDI (2007)
▼ 0.775 (medium) (83rd)
Currency
Dram (AMD)
Time zone
UTC (UTC+4)
-
Summer (DST)
DST (UTC+5)
Drives on the
right
Internet TLD
.am
Calling code
374
Patron saint
St. Bartholomew the Apostle, St. Gregory the Illuminator, St. Jude the Apostle, Virgin Mary

1 Etymology of name
2 History
2.1 Antiquity
2.2 Middle Ages
2.3 Early Modern Era
2.4 World War I and the Armenian Genocide
2.5 Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA)
2.6 Soviet Armenia
2.7 Restoration of independence
3 Government and politics
3.1 Foreign relations
4 Military
5 Administrative divisions
6 Geography
6.1 Topography
6.2 Environment
6.3 Climate
7 Economy
8 Demographics
8.1 Diaspora
9 Religion
10 Culture
11 Art
11.1 Music and the arts
11.2 Hospitality and wedding ceremonies
11.3 Sport
12 See also
13 References
14 External links