Bolivia, officially Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia,[5] [esˈtaðo plurinaˈsjonal de βoˈliβja]), is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, and Chile and Peru to the west.
Prior to European colonization, the Bolivian territory was a part of the Incan Empire, which was the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century. During most of the Spanish colonial period, this territory was called "Upper Peru" or "Charcas" and was under the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru, which included most of Spain's South American colonies. After declaring independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the republic, named for Simón Bolívar, on August 6, 1825. Bolivia has struggled through periods of political instability, dictatorships and economic woes.
Bolivia is a democratic republic, divided into nine departments. Its geography is varied from the peaks of the Andes in the west, to the eastern lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country, with a medium Human Development Index score, and a poverty level around 60%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, forestry, and fishing, mining and manufacturing goods such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and refined petroleum.
The Bolivian population, estimated at 9 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Europeans, Asians and Africans. The main language spoken is Spanish, although the Aymara and Quechua languages are also common. The large number of different cultures within Bolivia has contributed greatly to a wide diversity in fields such as art, cuisine, literature and music.
- 1 History
- 2 Geography
- 3 Economy
- 4 Demographics
- 5 Religion
- 6 Politics
- 7 Military
- 8 Culture
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
| Capital | Sucre[1] 19°2′S 65°15′W / 19.033°S 65.25°W | |
| Largest city | Santa Cruz de la Sierra 17°48′S 63°10′W / 17.8°S 63.167°W | |
|---|---|---|
| Official languages | Spanish and 36 native languages[2] | |
| Ethnic groups | 30% Quechua, 30% Mestizo, 25% Aymara, 15% White[3] | |
| Demonym | Bolivian | |
| Government | Republic | |
| - | President | Evo Morales |
| - | Vice President | Álvaro García |
| Independence | ||
| - | from Spain | August 6, 1825 |
| Area | ||
| - | Total | 1,098,581 km2 (28th) 424,163 sq mi |
| - | Water (%) | 1.29 |
| Population | ||
| - | July 2007 estimate | 9,119,152 (84th) |
| - | census | 8,857,870 |
| - | Density | 8.4/km2 (210th) 21.8/sq mi |
| GDP (PPP) | 2008 estimate | |
| - | Total | $43.424 billion[4] |
| - | Per capita | $4,330[4] |
| GDP (nominal) | 2008 estimate | |
| - | Total | $17.413 billion[4] |
| - | Per capita | $1,736[4] |
| Gini (2002) | 60.1 (high) | |
| HDI (2007) | ▲ 0.695 (medium) (117th) | |
| Currency | Boliviano (BOB) | |
| Time zone | (UTC-4) | |
| Drives on the | right | |
| Internet TLD | .bo | |
| Calling code | +591 | |
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