Hungary

Hungary ( /ˈhʌŋɡəri/ (help·info); Hungarian: Magyarország, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság listen (help·info) "Hungarian Republic"), is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, V4 and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian.

Following a Celtic (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (9 BC – c. 5th century) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late Ninth Century by the Magyar chieftain Árpád, whose great grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne with a crown sent from Rome in 1000. The Kingdom of Hungary existed with interruptions for 946 years, and was at times regarded as one of the cultural centers of the Western world (particularly during Stephen I, Béla III, Louis I, Matthias I, and Lajos Kossuth's regency). A significant power until its defeat in World War I, Hungary lost over two-thirds of its territory (along with 3.3 million ethnic Hungarians)^[3] in the Treaty of Trianon in 1920,^[4] the terms of which have been considered humiliating by Hungarians.^[5][6] Following a short alliance with Nazi Germany during World War II, the kingdom was occupied by the Soviet Union which imposed a Communist government from 1947 to 1989. During this era, Hungary gained widespread international recognition by mounting the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal move of opening its border with Austria in 1989, thus accelerating the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. The present form of government is parliamentary republic (since 1989). Today, Hungary is a high-income economy,^[7] and a regional leader regarding certain markers.^[8][9]

In the past decade, Hungary was listed as the 10th most economically dynamic area^[10] and one of the 15 most popular tourist destinations in the world,^[11][12] with a capital regarded as "one of the most beautiful urban landscapes in the world".^[13][14] The country is home to the second largest thermal lake in the world (Lake Hévíz), the largest lake in Central Europe (Lake Balaton), and the largest natural grassland in Europe (Hortobágy).

Contents

• 1 History
  • 1.1 The land before AD 895
  • 1.2 Medieval Hungary
    • 1.2.1 The Patrimonial Kingdom
      • 1.2.1.1 Important members of the Árpád dynasty
      • 1.2.1.2 Mongol attacks
    • 1.2.2 Age of elected Kings
    • 1.2.3 Age of early absolutism
  • 1.3 Decline (1490–1526)
  • 1.4 Ottoman Wars
  • 1.5 History of Hungary 1700–1919
    • 1.5.1 Revolution and war of independence (1848-1849)
    • 1.5.2 Austria-Hungary (1867–1918)
    • 1.5.3 World War I
  • 1.6 Between the two world wars (1918-1941)
    • 1.6.1 Treaty of Trianon
  • 1.7 Hungary in World War II (1941–1945)
  • 1.8 Communist era (1947–1989)
  • 1.9 The Third Hungarian Republic (1989–present)
• 2 Science
• 3 Politics
• 4 Regions, counties, and subregions
• 5 Economy
• 6 Geography
  • 6.1 Landscape
  • 6.2 Climate
• 7 Military
• 8 Demographics
  • 8.1 Religion in Hungary
    • 8.1.1 Religious history
    • 8.1.2 Jews in Hungary
• 9 Culture
  • 9.1 Architecture
  • 9.2 Music
  • 9.3 Literature
  • 9.4 Cuisine
    • 9.4.1 Drinks
  • 9.5 Spa Culture
    • 9.5.1 The thermal lake of Hévíz
  • 9.6 Folk Art
    • 9.6.1 Folk Dance
    • 9.6.2 Embroidery
    • 9.6.3 Black pottery
  • 9.7 Herend Porcelain
  • 9.8 Hungarian domestic animals
• 10 Sport
• 11 See also
• 12 Footnotes
• 13 References
• 14 External links

Republic of Hungary Magyar Köztársaság
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: none Historically Cum Deo pro Patria et Libertate (Latin, With the help of God for Homeland and Freedom) or Regnum Mariae Patronae Hungariae (Latin, Kingdom of Mary, the Patron of Hungary)
Anthem: Himnusz "Hymn" or "Anthem" ("God, bless the Hungarians") and Szózat
Location of Hungary (dark green) – on the European continent (light green & dark grey) – in the European Union (light green) — [Legend]
Capital (and largest city)		Budapest 47°26′N 19°15′E / 47.433°N 19.25°E / 47.433; 19.25
Official languages		Hungarian (Magyar)
Ethnic groups		95% Magyar, 2% Roma, 3% other minority groups
Demonym		Hungarian
Government		Parliamentary republic
-	President	László Sólyom
-	Prime minister	Gordon Bajnai
Foundation
-	Foundation of Hungary	895
-	Recognized as Kingdom - First king: Stephen I of Hungary	December 1000
-	Currently 3rd Republic	October 23, 1989
EU accession		May 1, 2004
Area
-	Total	93,030 km2 (109th) 35,919 sq mi
-	Water (%)	0.74%
Population
-	2008 December estimate	10,031,000[1] (79th)
-	2001 census	10,198,315
-	Density	108/km2 (95th) 282/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2008 estimate
-	Total	$196.074 billion[2]
-	Per capita	$19,499[2]
GDP (nominal)		2008 estimate
-	Total	$156.284 billion[2]
-	Per capita	$15,542[2]
Gini (2008)		24.96 (low) (3rd)
HDI (2008)		▲ 0.877 (high) (38th)
Currency		Forint (HUF)
Time zone		CET (UTC+1)
-	Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Date formats		yyyy.mm.dd, yyyy.mm.dd (CE)
Drives on the		right
Internet TLD		.hu1
Calling code		36