The Republic of Indonesia (pronounced /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ or /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/) (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands, and with an estimated population of around 237 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the largest Muslim population in the world.
Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The transcontinental country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the seventh century, when the Srivijaya Kingdom traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually adopted Indian cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
Across its many islands, Indonesia consists of distinct ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. The Javanese are the largest and most politically dominant ethnic group. Indonesia has developed a shared identity defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. However, sectarian tensions and separatism have led to violent confrontations that have undermined political and economic stability. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country is richly endowed with natural resources, yet poverty is a defining feature of contemporary Indonesia.
Capital(and largest city)
Jakarta(land)) 6°10.5′S 106°49.7′E / 6.175°S 106.8283°E / -6.175; 106.8283
Official languages
Indonesian
Demonym
Indonesian
Government
Presidential republic
-
President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
-
Vice President
Jusuf Kalla
Independence
from Netherlands
-
Declared
17 August 1945
-
Acknowledged
27 December 1949
Area
-
Total
1,919,440 (land) km2 (16th)735,355 sq mi
-
Water (%)
4.85
Population
-
July 2008 est. estimate
237,512,352[2] (4th)
-
2000 census
206,264,595
-
Density
134/km2 (84th)347/sq mi
GDP (PPP)
2008 estimate
-
Total
$908.242 billion[3]
-
Per capita
$3,986[3]
GDP (nominal)
2008 estimate
-
Total
$511.765 billion[3]
-
Per capita
$2,246[3]
Gini (2002)
34.3
HDI (2008)
▼ 0.726 (medium) (109th)
Currency
Rupiah (IDR)
Time zone
various (UTC+7 to +9)
Drives on the
left
Internet TLD
.id
Calling code
62
Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The transcontinental country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the seventh century, when the Srivijaya Kingdom traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually adopted Indian cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
Across its many islands, Indonesia consists of distinct ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. The Javanese are the largest and most politically dominant ethnic group. Indonesia has developed a shared identity defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. However, sectarian tensions and separatism have led to violent confrontations that have undermined political and economic stability. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country is richly endowed with natural resources, yet poverty is a defining feature of contemporary Indonesia.
Capital(and largest city)
Jakarta(land)) 6°10.5′S 106°49.7′E / 6.175°S 106.8283°E / -6.175; 106.8283
Official languages
Indonesian
Demonym
Indonesian
Government
Presidential republic
-
President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
-
Vice President
Jusuf Kalla
Independence
from Netherlands
-
Declared
17 August 1945
-
Acknowledged
27 December 1949
Area
-
Total
1,919,440 (land) km2 (16th)735,355 sq mi
-
Water (%)
4.85
Population
-
July 2008 est. estimate
237,512,352[2] (4th)
-
2000 census
206,264,595
-
Density
134/km2 (84th)347/sq mi
GDP (PPP)
2008 estimate
-
Total
$908.242 billion[3]
-
Per capita
$3,986[3]
GDP (nominal)
2008 estimate
-
Total
$511.765 billion[3]
-
Per capita
$2,246[3]
Gini (2002)
34.3
HDI (2008)
▼ 0.726 (medium) (109th)
Currency
Rupiah (IDR)
Time zone
various (UTC+7 to +9)
Drives on the
left
Internet TLD
.id
Calling code
62
1 Etymology
2 History
3 Government and politics
4 Foreign relations and military
5 Administrative divisions
6 Geography
7 Biota and environment
8 Economy
9 Demographics
10 Culture
11 See also
12 References
12.1 General
12.2 Notes
13 External links
2 History
3 Government and politics
4 Foreign relations and military
5 Administrative divisions
6 Geography
7 Biota and environment
8 Economy
9 Demographics
10 Culture
11 See also
12 References
12.1 General
12.2 Notes
13 External links
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