Wednesday, July 15, 2009

Luxembourg

Luxembourg en-us-Luxembourg.ogg /ˈlʌksəmbɝɡ/ GA: ˈləksɪmbɚg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg, French: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, German: Großherzogtum Luxemburg), is a small, landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of under half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq mi).[4]

Luxembourg is a parliamentary representative democracy with a constitutional monarch; it is ruled by a Grand Duke. It is the world's only remaining sovereign Grand Duchy. The country has a highly developed economy, with the highest Gross Domestic Product per capita in the world as per IMF and WB. Its historic and strategic importance dates back to its founding as a Roman era fortress site and Frankish count's castle site in the Early Middle Ages. It was an important bastion along the Spanish road when Spain was the principal European power influencing the whole western hemisphere and beyond in the 16th–17th centuries.

Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union, NATO, OECD, the United Nations, Benelux, and the Western European Union, reflecting the political consensus in favour of economic, political, and military integration. The city of Luxembourg, the capital and largest city, is the seat of several institutions and agencies of the European Union.

Luxembourg lies on the cultural divide between Romance Europe and Germanic Europe, borrowing customs from each of the distinct traditions. Luxembourg is a trilingual country; German, French and Luxembourgish are official languages. Although a secular state, Luxembourg is predominantly Roman Catholic.

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Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Alternative: Luxembourg
Großherzogtum Luxemburg (German)
Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (French)
Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn" (Luxembourgish)
"We want to remain what we are"
Anthem: Ons Heemecht
"Our Homeland"

Royal anthem: De Wilhelmus 1
Capital
(and largest city)
Luxembourg
49°36′N 6°7′E / 49.6°N 6.117°E / 49.6; 6.117
Official languages German, French, Luxembourgish (de jure since 1984)
Demonym Luxembourgers
Government Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional grand duchy
- Grand Duke Grand Duke Henri (List)
- Prime minister Jean-Claude Juncker (List)
Independence
- From French empire (Treaty of Paris) 9 June 1815
- 1st Treaty of London 19 April 1839
- 2nd Treaty of London 11 May 1867
- End of personal union 23 November 1890
EU accession 25 March 1957
Area
- Total 2,586.4 km2 (175th)
998.6 sq mi
- Water (%) negligible
Population
- 2009 estimate 493,500[1] (-)
- 2001 census 439,539
- Density 186/km2 (59th)
481/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2008 estimate
- Total $40.025 billion[2] (97th)
- Per capita $82,306[2] (2nd)
GDP (nominal) 2008 estimate
- Total $54.973 billion[2] (65th)
- Per capita $113,044[2] (1st)
HDI (2006) 0.956[3] (high) (9th)
Currency Euro ()2 (EUR)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Drives on the right
Internet TLD .lu3
Calling code 352

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