Luxembourg /ˈlʌksəmbɝɡ/ GA: ˈləksɪmbɚg (help·info), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg, French: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, German: Großherzogtum Luxemburg), is a small, landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of under half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (999 sq mi).[4]
Luxembourg is a parliamentary representative democracy with a constitutional monarch; it is ruled by a Grand Duke. It is the world's only remaining sovereign Grand Duchy. The country has a highly developed economy, with the highest Gross Domestic Product per capita in the world as per IMF and WB. Its historic and strategic importance dates back to its founding as a Roman era fortress site and Frankish count's castle site in the Early Middle Ages. It was an important bastion along the Spanish road when Spain was the principal European power influencing the whole western hemisphere and beyond in the 16th–17th centuries.
Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union, NATO, OECD, the United Nations, Benelux, and the Western European Union, reflecting the political consensus in favour of economic, political, and military integration. The city of Luxembourg, the capital and largest city, is the seat of several institutions and agencies of the European Union.
Luxembourg lies on the cultural divide between Romance Europe and Germanic Europe, borrowing customs from each of the distinct traditions. Luxembourg is a trilingual country; German, French and Luxembourgish are official languages. Although a secular state, Luxembourg is predominantly Roman Catholic.
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 Government and politics
- 3 Military
- 4 Geography and climate
- 5 Demographics
- 6 Economy
- 7 Culture
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Alternative: Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg (German) Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (French) Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish) | ||||||
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Motto: "Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn" (Luxembourgish) "We want to remain what we are" | ||||||
Anthem: Ons Heemecht "Our Homeland" Royal anthem: De Wilhelmus 1 | ||||||
Capital (and largest city) | Luxembourg 49°36′N 6°7′E / 49.6°N 6.117°E | |||||
Official languages | German, French, Luxembourgish (de jure since 1984) | |||||
Demonym | Luxembourgers | |||||
Government | Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional grand duchy | |||||
- | Grand Duke | Grand Duke Henri (List) | ||||
- | Prime minister | Jean-Claude Juncker (List) | ||||
Independence | ||||||
- | From French empire (Treaty of Paris) | 9 June 1815 | ||||
- | 1st Treaty of London | 19 April 1839 | ||||
- | 2nd Treaty of London | 11 May 1867 | ||||
- | End of personal union | 23 November 1890 | ||||
EU accession | 25 March 1957 | |||||
Area | ||||||
- | Total | 2,586.4 km2 (175th) 998.6 sq mi | ||||
- | Water (%) | negligible | ||||
Population | ||||||
- | 2009 estimate | 493,500[1] (-) | ||||
- | 2001 census | 439,539 | ||||
- | Density | 186/km2 (59th) 481/sq mi | ||||
GDP (PPP) | 2008 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $40.025 billion[2] (97th) | ||||
- | Per capita | $82,306[2] (2nd) | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2008 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $54.973 billion[2] (65th) | ||||
- | Per capita | $113,044[2] (1st) | ||||
HDI (2006) | ▲ 0.956[3] (high) (9th) | |||||
Currency | Euro (€)2 (EUR ) | |||||
Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |||||
- | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
Drives on the | right | |||||
Internet TLD | .lu3 | |||||
Calling code | 352 |
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