Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic, French: République malgache), is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the fourth-largest island in the world, and is home to 5% of the world's plant and animal species, of which more than 80% are endemic to Madagascar.[citation needed] They include the lemur infraorder of primates, the carnivorous fossa, three bird families and six baobab species. Two thirds of the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 Politics
- 3 Provinces and regions
- 4 Geography
- 5 Economy
- 6 Foreign relations
- 7 Demographics
- 8 Culture
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 External links
| Republic of Madagascar Repoblikan'i Madagasikara République de Madagascar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
| Motto: Tanindrazana, Fahafahana, Fandrosoana (Malagasy) Patrie, liberté, progrès (French) "Fatherland, Liberty, Progress" | ||||||
| Anthem: Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô! Oh, Our Beloved Fatherland | ||||||
 | ||||||
| Capital (and largest city) | Antananarivo 18°55′S 47°31′E / 18.917°S 47.517°E | |||||
| Official languages | Malagasy, French, English1 | |||||
| Demonym | Malagasy[1] | |||||
| Government | Caretaker government | |||||
| - | President of the High Authority of Transition | Andry Rajoelina | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Monja Roindefo | ||||
| Independence | from France | |||||
| - | Date | 26 June 1960 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 587,041 km2 (45th) 226,597 sq mi | ||||
| - | Water (%) | 0.13% | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | July 2008 estimate | 20,042,551[2] (55th) | ||||
| - | 1993 census | 12,238,914 | ||||
| - | Density | 33/km2 (171st) 86/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2008 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $19.722 billion[3] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $975[3] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2008 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $9.254 billion[3] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $457[3] | ||||
| Gini (2001) | 47.5 (high) | |||||
| HDI (2007) | ▲ 0.533 (medium) (143rd) | |||||
| Currency | Malagasy ariary (MGA) | |||||
| Time zone | EAT (UTC+3) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | not observed (UTC+3) | ||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Internet TLD | .mg | |||||
| Calling code | 261 | |||||
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