Montenegro ( /ˌmɒntɨˈneɪɡroʊ/ (help·info) or /ˌmɒntɨˈniːɡroʊ/), (Montenegrin: Crna Gora/Црна Гора, listen (help·info)) (meaning "Black Mountain" in Montenegrin) is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east and Albania to the south [3]. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (Пријестоница), meaning the former Royal Capital City.[4].
The thousand-year history of the Montenegrin state begins in the 9th century with the emergence of Duklja, a vassal state of Byzantium. In those formative years, Duklja was ruled by the Vojislavljevic dynasty. In 1042, at the end of his 25-year rule, King Vojislav won a decisive battle near Bar against Byzantium, and Duklja became independent. Duklja's power and prosperity reached their zenith under King Vojislav's son, King Mihailo (1046-81), and his son King Bodin (1081-1101).[5]. From the 11th century, it started to be referred to as Zeta. It ended with its incorporation into Raska, and beginning with the Crnojevic dynasty, Zeta was more often referred to as Crna Gora or by the Venetian term monte negro. A sovereign principality[6] since the Late Middle Ages, Montenegro saw its independence from the Ottoman Empire formally recognized in 1878. From 1918, it was a part of various incarnations of Yugoslavia. On the basis of a referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence on 3 June. On 28 June 2006, it became the 192nd member state of the United Nations,[7] and on 11 May 2007 the 47th member state of the Council of Europe.[8] On 15 December 2008, Montenegro presented its official application to the European Union, with the hopes of gaining EU candidate status by 2009.
Contents
- 1 Name
- 2 History
- 3 Geography
- 4 Government and politics
- 5 Economy
- 6 Tourism
- 7 Demographics
- 8 Culture
- 9 In popular culture
- 10 Montenegrin holidays
- 11 See also
- 12 References
- 13 Further reading
- 14 External links
Montenegro Crna Gora Црна Гора | ||||||
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Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro Montenegrin Cyrillic: Ој, свијетла мајска зоро "Oh, Bright Dawn of May" | ||||||
Location of Montenegro (green) on the European continent (dark grey) — [Legend] | ||||||
Capital (and largest city) | Podgorica1 42°47′N 19°28′E / 42.783°N 19.467°E | |||||
Official languages | Montenegrin | |||||
Demonym | Montenegrin | |||||
Government | Parliamentary republic | |||||
- | President | Filip Vujanović | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Milo Đukanović | ||||
- | Speaker | Ranko Krivokapić | ||||
Establishment | ||||||
- | Independence of Duklja (Montenegrin predecessor) from Byzantine Empire | 1042 | ||||
- | Duklja recognised as a kingdom by the Pope | 1077 | ||||
- | Zeta (former Duklja) annexed by Serbian Empire | 1186 | ||||
- | Independence of Zeta (later called Montenegro) from Serbian Empire | 1356 | ||||
- | Cetinje founded | 1484 | ||||
- | annexed by the Ottoman Empire, semi-indipendent | 1499 | ||||
- | Independence recognized | 1878 | ||||
- | Self-declared unification with Serbia | 1918 | ||||
- | Independence from Serbia and Montenegro | 2006 | ||||
Area | ||||||
- | Total | 13,812 km2 (160th) 5,019 sq mi | ||||
- | Water (%) | 1.5 | ||||
Population | ||||||
- | July 2008 estimate | 678,177[1] (162nd) | ||||
- | 2003 census | 620,145 | ||||
- | Density | 50/km2 (121st) 115.6/sq mi | ||||
GDP (PPP) | 2008 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $6.944 billion[2] | ||||
- | Per capita | $11,092[2] | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2008 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $4.822 billion[2] | ||||
- | Per capita | $7,702 | ||||
HDI (2006) | 0.822 (high) (64th) | |||||
Currency | Euro (€)2 (EUR ) | |||||
Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |||||
- | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
Drives on the | right | |||||
Internet TLD | .me (.yu)3 | |||||
Calling code | 382 |
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