Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси), is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia, formerly part of the Soviet Union. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south. Once part of the Persian Samanid and later Timurid empires, the region was conquered in the early 16th century by Uzbek nomads, who spoke an Eastern Turkic language. Most of Uzbekistan’s population today belong to the Uzbek ethnic group and speak the Uzbek language, one of the family of Turkic languages. Uzbekistan was incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century and in 1924 became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR). It has been an independent republic since December 1991.
Uzbekistan's economy relies mainly on commodity production, including cotton, gold, uranium, and natural gas. Despite the declared objective of transition to a market economy, Uzbekistan continues to maintain rigid economic controls, which often repel foreign investors. The policy of gradual, strictly controlled transition has nevertheless produced beneficial results in the form of economic recovery after 1995. Uzbekistan's domestic policies of human rights and individual freedoms are often criticized by international organizations.[3] In Uzbekistan about 45 % of the population live on less than US$ 1.25 per day. [4]
Uzbekistan's economy relies mainly on commodity production, including cotton, gold, uranium, and natural gas. Despite the declared objective of transition to a market economy, Uzbekistan continues to maintain rigid economic controls, which often repel foreign investors. The policy of gradual, strictly controlled transition has nevertheless produced beneficial results in the form of economic recovery after 1995. Uzbekistan's domestic policies of human rights and individual freedoms are often criticized by international organizations.[3] In Uzbekistan about 45 % of the population live on less than US$ 1.25 per day. [4]
Capital(and largest city)
Tashkent41°16′N 69°13′E / 41.267°N 69.217°E / 41.267; 69.217
Official languages
Uzbek
Recognised regional languages
Karakalpak
Language for inter-ethniccommunication
Russian
Demonym
Uzbekistani;[1] also Uzbek
Government
Presidential republic
-
President
Islam Karimov
-
Prime Minister
Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Independence
from the Soviet Union
-
Formation
17471
-
Uzbek SSR
27 October 1924
-
Declared
1 September 1991
-
Recognized
8 December 1991
-
Completed
25 December 1991
Area
-
Total
447,400 km2 (56th)172,742 sq mi
-
Water (%)
4.9
Population
-
2009 estimate
27,727,435 (45th)
-
Density
59/km2 (136th)153/sq mi
GDP (PPP)
2008 estimate
-
Total
$71.501 billion[2]
-
Per capita
$2,629[2]
GDP (nominal)
2008 estimate
-
Total
$27.918 billion[2]
-
Per capita
$1,026[2]
Gini (2000)
26.8 ▼ 0.21 (low) (95th)
HDI (2007)
▲ 0.702 (medium) (113th)
Currency
Uzbekistan som (O'zbekiston so'mi) (UZS)
Time zone
UZT (UTC+5)
-
Summer (DST)
not observed (UTC+5)
Drives on the
right
Internet TLD
.uz
Calling code
998
1
As Bukharian Emirate, Kokand Khanate, Khwarezm.
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