Capital
Islamabad33°40′N 73°10′E / 33.667°N 73.167°E / 33.667; 73.167
Largest city
Karachi
Official languages
English and Urdu
Other languages
Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Seraiki, Balochi and others
Demonym
Pakistani
Government
Semi-presidential federal democratic republic
-
President
Asif Ali Zardari (PPP)
-
Prime Minister
Yousaf Raza Gillani (PPP)
-
Chair of Senate
Farooq Hamid Naek (PPP)
-
House Speaker
Fahmida Mirza (PPP)
-
Chief Justice
Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
Formation
-
Independence
from the British Empire
-
Declared
14 August 1947
-
Islamic republic
23 March 1956
Area
Total
803,940 km2 (36th)340,403 sq mi
-
Water (%)
3.1
Population
-
2008 estimate
172,900,000
-
1998 census
132,352,279
-
Density
206/km2 (55th)534/sq mi
GDP (PPP)
2008 estimate
-
Total
$439.558 billion
-
Per capita
$2,738
GDP (nominal)
2008 estimate
-
Total
$167.640 billion[3] (47th)
-
Per capita
$1,044[3]
Gini (2002)
30.6 (medium)
HDI (2008)
▲ 0.562 (medium) (139th[4])
Currency
Pakistani Rupee (Rs.) (PKR)
Time zone
PST (UTC+5)
-
Summer (DST)
PDT (UTC+6)
Drives on the left
Internet TLD .pk
Calling code 92
Pakistan (Urdu: پاکستان Pākistān pronunciation (help·info)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia.[5][6] It has a 1,046 kilometre (650 mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, the Republic of India in the east and the People's Republic of China in the far northeast.[7] Tajikistan also lies adjacent to Pakistan but is separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. In recent times, Pakistan has been called part of the New Middle East.[8]
The region forming modern Pakistan was home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and then, successively, recipient of ancient Vedic, Persian, Turco-Mongol, Indo-Greek and Islamic cultures. The area has witnessed invasions and/or settlement by the Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Arabs, Turks, Afghans, Mongols, Sikhs and the British.[9] It was a part of India during the British Raj from 1858 to 1947, until the Indian independence movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. When the Pakistan Movement for a state for Muslims within India, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Muslim League resulted in the independence and creation of the Muslim majority state of Pakistan, that comprised the provinces of Sindh, North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab, Balochistan and East Bengal. With the adoption of its constitution in 1956, Pakistan became an Islamic republic. In 1971, a civil war in East Pakistan resulted in intervention from India and the subsequent independence of Bangladesh. Pakistan's history has been characterized by periods of military rule and political instability.
Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world and has the second largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia. It also has the second largest Shia Muslim population in the world. The country is listed among the Next Eleven economies, is a founding member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, G20 developing nations, Asia Cooperation Dialogue and the Economic Cooperation Organisation. It is also a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, World Trade Organisation, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, G33 developing countries, Group of 77 developing nations, major non-NATO ally of the United States and is a nuclear state.
The region forming modern Pakistan was home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and then, successively, recipient of ancient Vedic, Persian, Turco-Mongol, Indo-Greek and Islamic cultures. The area has witnessed invasions and/or settlement by the Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Arabs, Turks, Afghans, Mongols, Sikhs and the British.[9] It was a part of India during the British Raj from 1858 to 1947, until the Indian independence movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. When the Pakistan Movement for a state for Muslims within India, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Muslim League resulted in the independence and creation of the Muslim majority state of Pakistan, that comprised the provinces of Sindh, North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab, Balochistan and East Bengal. With the adoption of its constitution in 1956, Pakistan became an Islamic republic. In 1971, a civil war in East Pakistan resulted in intervention from India and the subsequent independence of Bangladesh. Pakistan's history has been characterized by periods of military rule and political instability.
Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world and has the second largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia. It also has the second largest Shia Muslim population in the world. The country is listed among the Next Eleven economies, is a founding member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, G20 developing nations, Asia Cooperation Dialogue and the Economic Cooperation Organisation. It is also a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, World Trade Organisation, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, G33 developing countries, Group of 77 developing nations, major non-NATO ally of the United States and is a nuclear state.
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