São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about 140 kilometres apart and about 250 and 225 kilometres, respectively, off the northwestern coast of Gabon. Both islands are part of an extinct volcanic mountain range. São Tomé, the sizable southern island, is situated just north of the equator. It was named in honor of Saint Thomas by Portuguese explorers who happened to arrive at the island on his feast day.
São Tomé and Príncipe is the second-smallest African country in terms of population (the Seychelles being the smallest). It is the smallest country in the world that is not a former British overseas territory, a former United States trusteeship, or one of the European microstates. It is also the smallest Portuguese-speaking country.
The name in Portuguese, São Tomé e Príncipe, is pronounced [sɐ̃ũ tuˈmɛ i ˈpɾĩsɨpɨ]. Pronunciation of São Tomé and Príncipe in English varies, with dictionaries citing the most common pronunciations as /ˌsaʊ toʊˈmeɪ ən ˈprɪnsɨpə/ and /ˌsaʊ tɒˈmeɪ ənd ˈprɪnsɨpeɪ/.
Contents
- 1 History
- 2 Politics
- 3 Provinces and districts
- 4 Geography
- 5 Economy
- 6 Demographics
- 7 Culture
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
| Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
| Anthem: Independência total | ||||||
 | ||||||
| Capital (and largest city) | São Tomé 0°20′N 6°44′E / 0.333°N 6.733°E | |||||
| Official languages | Portuguese | |||||
| Recognised regional languages | Forro, Angolar, Principense | |||||
| Demonym | Santomean | |||||
| Government | Democratic semi-presidential Republic | |||||
| - | President | Fradique de Menezes | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Joaquim Rafael Branco | ||||
| Independence | from Portugal | |||||
| - | Date | 12 July 1975 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 964 km2 (183rd) 372 sq mi | ||||
| - | Water (%) | 0 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2005 estimate | 157,000 (188th) | ||||
| - | Density | 171/km2 (65th) 454/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2008 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $280 million[1] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $1,749[1] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2008 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $176 million[1] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $1,101[1] | ||||
| HDI (2007) | ▲ 0.654 (medium) (123rd) | |||||
| Currency | Dobra (STD) | |||||
| Time zone | UTC (UTC+0) | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Internet TLD | .st | |||||
| Calling code | 239 | |||||
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